THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA Charles E. Ziegler The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, Series Editors Greenwood Press / Westport, Connecticut · London / 1999
	Glossary of Selected Terms Bolsheviks: "Majority" faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, led by Vladimir Lenin. Later became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union boyars: nobility of early Russia Duma: Russian parliament 1905-1917 and 1993-present Eurasianism: worldview which stresses Russian distinctiveness from Europe glasnost: "publicity" or "openness"-- Gorbachev era liberalization of publishing and speech to provide more in- formation to policy makers Golden Horde: powerful Mongol khanate, or principality, of thirteenth-fifteenth century, located between the Black Sea and the Ural Mountains, to which Russia paid tribute Gosplan: Soviet State Planning Committee; organized the Soviet national economy icons: religious paintings of Orthodox saints and the Holy Family, usually done in tempera on wood Izvestiia: official newspaper of the Soviet government KGB: Committee for State Security--Soviet secret police khanate: Central Asian territory, ruled by a Mongol or Turkish khan kolkhoz: Soviet collective farm, in which peasants received a portion of the farm's annual income Komsomol: Communist Youth League, to socialize youth ages 15-28 into communist values kremlin: walled stone fortress in the center of a city. Moscow's Kremlin houses government offices, churches, and museums mafia: Russian term for hundreds of criminal gangs that sprang up after the Soviet collapse that have close links to business and government Mensheviks: "minority" faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, led by Pavel Martov muzhik: Russian peasant; also used as "a real man" Narodniki: nineteenth-century Russian populists who "went to the people" Nomenklatura: list of names held by Soviet Communist Party of individuals politically acceptable for appointment to high positions perestroika: Mikhail Gorbachev's program of economic and political restructuring Politburo: political bureau of the Soviet Communist Party; high est decision-making body of the Soviet era Pravda: official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Presidium: the Politburo was called the Presidium IN 1952-65 Slavophiles: nineteenth-century intellectuals who held up Russian culture as morally superior to West European culture sovkhoz: Soviet state farm, in which peasants were paid a salary sovnarkozy: regional economic councils, an attempt ( 1957-1965) by Khrushchev to decentralize economic management soviet: "council"--revolutionary era radical assembly of intellectuals, workers, and soldiers. Became the basis for Soviet era government organizations Sudebnik: law codes of 1497 and 1550 ulozhenie: a law code of 1649 veche: town meeting of ancient Kievan Russia Westernizers: nineteenth-century intellectual movement that urged Russians to adopt Western political and cultural traditions zemstvos: local government organizations, 1864-1917 zhdanovshchina: purge of all foreign influences in late Stalin period ( 1946-1948) led by Leningrad Party Secretary Andrei Zhdanov. Anti-Western and anti-Semitic CHARLES E. ZIEGLER is Professor and Chair of the Political Science Department at the University of Louisville. He is the author of Foreign Policy and East Asia ( 1993), Environmental Policy in the USSR ( 1987), and dozens of scholarly articles and book chapters.